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The illegal trade in wildlife is a serious and growing problem. Various governmental and non-governmental agencies have estimated that it may be worth in excess of US$20 billion annually. The actual figure may never be known, as much of the trade occurs in less developed parts of the world, but could in fact be significantly higher.

The illegal taking, trafficking and trading in wild animals, plants and their parts and derivatives is a global phenomenon that has serious implications for biodiversity, ecosystems and national economies. It devalues the global community of which mankind is a part.

The illegal trade in wildlife is also a crime.

Interpol began to fight environmental crime in 1992, and its programme has grown significantly since. In the beginning of 2006 a full-time officer was appointed to manage the wildlife crime programme, which is continuing to expand its activities in co-operation with many national, international and non-governmental agencies.

The expansion of this programme has been largely possible thanks to the generosity and assistance of the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW), Safari Club International, and the Bosack and Kruger Charitable Foundation.